Study notes on Socio - Religious reform movements
- During the late 1820 and early 1830, there emerged a radical intellectual trend among the youth in Bengal, which came to be known as the ‘Young Bengal Movement’.
- Founded by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809 – 31). He was a teacher in Hindu College in Calcutta.
- He also edited the papers, Hesperus and Calcutta Literary Gazette and was connected with the India Gazette.
- He urged the students to live and die for truth. He also supported women’s education and their rights.
VEDA SAMAJ
- Called BrahmoSamaj of South. Started by Sridharalu Naidu.
- He translated books of Brahmo Dharma into Tamil and Telegu.
- Initiated by Radhakant Deb in 1830.
- Was opposed to reforms and protected orthodoxy, but played an active role in promoting western education even to girls.
- R.C. Dutta and DadabhaiNaoroji first cited the drain of wealth theory. Naoroji brought it to light in his book titled “Poverty and Unbritish Rule in India”. R C Dutt blamed the British policies for economic ills in his book “Economic History of India”.
- Drain of wealth refers to the portion of national product of India, which was not available for consumption of Indians.
- Drain of wealth began in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey when the Company’s servants began to extort fortunes from Indian rulers, zamindars, merchants and common people and send home.
- In 1765, the Company acquired the Diwani of Bengal and began to purchase the Indian goods out of the revenue of Bengal and exported them. These purchases were known as Company’s investments.
- Duty free inland trade provided British merchants a competitive edge over their Indian counterparts.
- The actual drain, as a part of the salaries and other incomes of the English officials and the trading fortunes of English merchants, was even more.
- The drain of wealth stunted the growth of Indian enterprise and checked and retarded capital formation in India.
- Started by Gopal Hari Deshmukh. Advocated western education and a rational outlook. He advocated female education for the upliftment of women.
- As a vptary of national self – reliance, he attended Delhi durbar in 1876, wearing handspun khadi cloth.
- Founded by M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao. It held its first session in 1887.
- Its main focus was on abolition of polygamy and kulinism and it encouraged intercaste marriages. It also pledged to fight child marriages.
- The Conference is sometimes referred as the social reform cell of the Indian National Congress.
- Formed by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1915.
- It did notable work in providing famine relief and in improving the condition of the tribal.
- HridayanathKunzru, a member of the Servants of India Society, organized the Samiti at Allahabad in 1914, to improve the status of the suffering classes, reform criminals and to rescue those suffering in society.
- Radhaswami Movement:
- Founded in 1861 by a banker of Agra, Tulsi Ram, popularly known as Shiv DayalSaheb or Swami Maharaj.
- The sect preached belief in one Supreme Being, the Guru’s supreme position and a simple social life for the believers (the Satsangis).
- Founded by Shiv NarainAgnihotri in 1887. it preached high moral and social conduct like, for instance, keeping oneself away from gambling and intoxicants.
- Deva Shastra tells us about the ideals of Deva Samaj.
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