Basic OOPs Concepts For Fresh Developers
OOPs – Object Oriented Programming System
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses
“Objects “and their interactions to design applications and computer programs.
There are different types of OOPs are used, they are
1. Object
2. Class
3. Data Abstraction & Encapsulation
4. Inheritance
5. Polymorphism
6. Dynamic Binding
7. Message Passing
1) Object :
Object is the basic unit of object-oriented programming. Objects are identified by its
unique name. An object represents a particular instance of a class. There can be
more than one instance of an object. Each instance of an object can hold its own
relevant data.
An Object is a collection of data members and associated member functions also
known as methods.
For example whenever a class name is created according to the class an object
should be created without creating object can’t able to use class.
The class of Dog defines all possible dogs by listing the characteristics and
behaviors they can have; the object Lassie is one particular dog, with particular
versions of the characteristics. A Dog has fur; Lassie has brown-and-white fur.
2) Class :
Classes are data types based on which objects are created. Objects with similar
properties and methods are grouped together to form a Class. Thus a Class
represents a set of individual objects. Characteristics of an object are represented
in a class as Properties. The actions that can be performed by objects become
functions of the class and is referred to as Methods.
For example consider we have a Class of Cars under which Santro Xing, Alto and
WaganR represents individual Objects. In this context each Car Object will have its
own, Model, Year of Manufacture, Colour, Top Speed, Engine Power etc., which
form Properties of the Car class and the associated actions i.e., object functions like
Start, Move, Stop form the Methods of Car Class.No memory is allocated when a
class is created. Memory is allocated only when an object is created, i.e., when an
instance of a class is created.
3) Data abstraction & Encapsulation :
The wrapping up of data and its functions into a single unit is called Encapsulation.
When using Data Encapsulation, data is not accessed directly, it is only accessible
through the functions present inside the class.
Data Abstraction increases the power of programming language by creating user
defined data types. Data Abstraction also represents the needed information in the
program without presenting the details.
Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the
background details or explanation between them.
For example, a class Car would be made up of an Engine, Gearbox, Steering
objects, and many more components. To build the Car class, one does not need to
know how the different components work internally, but only how to interface with
them, i.e., send messages to them, receive messages from them, and perhaps
make the different objects composing the class interact with each other.
4) Inheritance :
Inheritance is the process of forming a new class from an existing class or base
class.
The base class is also known as parent class or super class, the new class that is
formed is called derived class.
Derived class is also known as a child class or sub class. Inheritance helps in
reducing the overall code size of the program, which is an important concept in
object-oriented programming.
It is classifieds into different types, they are
Single level inheritance
Multi-level inheritance
Hybrid inheritance
Hierarchial inheritance
5) Polymorphism :
Polymorphism allows routines to use variables of different types at different times.
An operator or function can be given different meanings or functions. Polymorphism
refers to a single function or multi-functioning operator performing in different ways.
Poly a Greek term ability to take more than one form. Overloading is one type of
Polymorphism. It allows an object to have different meanings, depending on its
context. When an exiting operator or function begins to operate on new data type,
or class, it is understood to be overloaded.
6) Dynamic binding :
It contains a concept of Inheritance and Polymorphism.
7) Message Passing :
It refers to that establishing communication between one place to another.
OOPs – Object Oriented Programming System
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses
“Objects “and their interactions to design applications and computer programs.
There are different types of OOPs are used, they are
1. Object
2. Class
3. Data Abstraction & Encapsulation
4. Inheritance
5. Polymorphism
6. Dynamic Binding
7. Message Passing
1) Object :
Object is the basic unit of object-oriented programming. Objects are identified by its
unique name. An object represents a particular instance of a class. There can be
more than one instance of an object. Each instance of an object can hold its own
relevant data.
An Object is a collection of data members and associated member functions also
known as methods.
For example whenever a class name is created according to the class an object
should be created without creating object can’t able to use class.
The class of Dog defines all possible dogs by listing the characteristics and
behaviors they can have; the object Lassie is one particular dog, with particular
versions of the characteristics. A Dog has fur; Lassie has brown-and-white fur.
2) Class :
Classes are data types based on which objects are created. Objects with similar
properties and methods are grouped together to form a Class. Thus a Class
represents a set of individual objects. Characteristics of an object are represented
in a class as Properties. The actions that can be performed by objects become
functions of the class and is referred to as Methods.
For example consider we have a Class of Cars under which Santro Xing, Alto and
WaganR represents individual Objects. In this context each Car Object will have its
own, Model, Year of Manufacture, Colour, Top Speed, Engine Power etc., which
form Properties of the Car class and the associated actions i.e., object functions like
Start, Move, Stop form the Methods of Car Class.No memory is allocated when a
class is created. Memory is allocated only when an object is created, i.e., when an
instance of a class is created.
3) Data abstraction & Encapsulation :
The wrapping up of data and its functions into a single unit is called Encapsulation.
When using Data Encapsulation, data is not accessed directly, it is only accessible
through the functions present inside the class.
Data Abstraction increases the power of programming language by creating user
defined data types. Data Abstraction also represents the needed information in the
program without presenting the details.
Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the
background details or explanation between them.
For example, a class Car would be made up of an Engine, Gearbox, Steering
objects, and many more components. To build the Car class, one does not need to
know how the different components work internally, but only how to interface with
them, i.e., send messages to them, receive messages from them, and perhaps
make the different objects composing the class interact with each other.
4) Inheritance :
Inheritance is the process of forming a new class from an existing class or base
class.
The base class is also known as parent class or super class, the new class that is
formed is called derived class.
Derived class is also known as a child class or sub class. Inheritance helps in
reducing the overall code size of the program, which is an important concept in
object-oriented programming.
It is classifieds into different types, they are
Single level inheritance
Multi-level inheritance
Hybrid inheritance
Hierarchial inheritance
5) Polymorphism :
Polymorphism allows routines to use variables of different types at different times.
An operator or function can be given different meanings or functions. Polymorphism
refers to a single function or multi-functioning operator performing in different ways.
Poly a Greek term ability to take more than one form. Overloading is one type of
Polymorphism. It allows an object to have different meanings, depending on its
context. When an exiting operator or function begins to operate on new data type,
or class, it is understood to be overloaded.
6) Dynamic binding :
It contains a concept of Inheritance and Polymorphism.
7) Message Passing :
It refers to that establishing communication between one place to another.
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